Let me repeat:
You know the purpose of this exercise.
You know the rules of engagement.
You know Will wants your feedback.
So here we go.
Will Hatfield on Revelation and Certainty.
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How do we know God?
In our modern, scientific world claiming truth is often looked on with skepticism. How can anyone claim they know “TRUTH”? After all, we have “known” many things that have been disproven by using the scientific method and getting rid of superstitious ideas. Many people think this should apply to Christianity as well.
Let’s look first of all at where this idea has taken us. If we believe that the story behind Christianity and truths contained in it are merely superstitious, the only place we can start in our attempts at truth is ourselves and our experience. We now live in a post-modern age where men have attempted in many ways to find truth but have only ended up being questioned by someone else and their experience. Who is to say who is right? It seems like “all claims about… ‘the meaning’ are actually covert strategies for pursuing one interest to the exclusion of others.” We end up with a skepticism that declares the death of God, the impossibility of communication, or even the denial of reality. One of the blessings of this type of skepticism is it proves that without God in the picture we have no hope of finding truth with any certainty on our own. This is where we end up in our search for truth.
At the same time we must ask ourselves, “How do I know God is in the picture and not something of my own imagination?” We’ll come back to the idea of certainty. But let’s look at some length at the idea of revelation. Revelation is God making Himself known to us.
Revelation
General revelation is God making Himself known primarily in what can be seen around us (Rom. 1:18-20). God has revealed Himself through His creation so that God can be understood to a certain extent through nature, (Ps. 19; Rom. 1:18-20; Matt. 5:45; Acts 14:17). Through nature man can see God’s eternal power and divinity (Rom. 1:18-20). If there is evidence that man did not make this and yet there is evidence of a designer, one can see certain things about God and His care of creation. This knowledge is suppressed by man through his unrighteous thoughts and deeds (Rom. 1). But this knowledge is still there and enough so that all men are without excuse in their search for reality.
Special Revelation involves a narrower focus than that of general revelation. It involves that information needed by man for a specific knowledge and relationship with the God who is there. Special revelation refers to God’s self-disclosure whereby the specific people at particular times and places gain further understanding of God’s character and how to have a relationship with Him (Exo. 3-4; 2 Peter 1:20-21).
Throughout history people have claimed to have revelation from God. How do we know if this is true? Christianity claims that through signs and miracles, the written words of the prophets and apostles, and the deeds and words of Jesus Christ God has revealed himself in history. This special revelation was done primarily through His Word—the Bible. The Bible reveals a God who knows the world and this revelation is consistent with the world as we experience it. God reveals Himself consistently throughout the history contained in the Bible. God also uses various types of communication in order for us to have quality understanding of the message and provides many witnesses of His revelation. The Bible appears to be consistent with itself, consistent with the world as we experience it, and refers to more than one type of communication – the experiences of real people, the history of Israel, the death and resurrection of Christ, the covenants of the Old Testament, and the apostolic history in the New.
What about other religions that claim revelation from God or gods? As one understands more of what the Bible says and compares reality with the consistency found there, one can see that other claims to revelation fail to consistently explain our experiences, our desires, our history, or our future. There can be value in other religions in better understanding how men think, but the Bible helps us understand how God thinks. The Bible reveals a God who would be very difficult to invent: merciful and yet absolutely holy, totally in control and holding men responsible for their actions. Look at the chapter on God for more thoughts about His revelation of Himself.
God revealed Himself through the Bible in propositional truth, also called divine speech, to explain Who He is. In revealing Himself to man He used human language and therefore special revelation is anthropic, meaning that despite the fact that God is above man yet God used human concepts found in the common human language and human occurrences of that time in history to convey His truth. Because God’s revelation of Himself is propositional it can be recorded and preserved. This is known as inspiration.
Inspiration
Inspiration may be defined as the Holy Spirit’s superintendence of the human authors so that while they were writing according to their own styles and personalities, they composed and recorded without error God’s revelation to man in the words of the original autographs. There are several elements to this definition which should be noted. 1) There is the divine element– The Holy Spirit superintended the human authors so ensuring the accuracy of the recorded revelation. 2) The human element indicates that the authors were not copying dictation but using their own personality and style. 3) The result of the divine-human authorship is God’s truth recorded without error. 4) The character of inspiration, therefore, extends down to even the selection of words by the writers. 5) Inspiration relates to what was originally written.
As you look into the Bible, the Bible teaches that they are the words of the Bible are in fact God’s Words. For instance, in affirming the resurrection for the Sadducees, Jesus quoted Exodus 3:6 and pointed to the “I am” found there as the basis for His argument. If the words were not inspired, His argument would have been useless.
The Bible also teaches that all of Scripture is inspired, not just a part. In Matthew 5:17-18 Christ affirmed that not even the smallest letter would pass from the law till it was fulfilled. In Luke 24:44 He reminded the disciples that all of the Old Testament pointed to Him and must be fulfilled.
Inerrancy of the Bible
Though much debated today, the Bible is free from error. It has the quality of inerrancy. This is because God is true. Since God is true and the Scriptures are breathed out by God (II Tim. 3:16), the Bible must be true. Inerrancy means that when all the facts are known, the Scriptures in their original autographs and properly interpreted will be shown to be wholly true in everything they teach, whether that teaching has to do with doctrine, history, science, geography, geology, or other disciplines or knowledge. Inerrancy does allow for variety in style and for variety in details explaining the same event. It also allows for departure from standard forms of grammar. Inerrancy demands, however, that the account does not teach error or contradiction.
Historicity of the Bible
While recognizing that the Bible is not a textbook of ancient history, the Bible is, however, true when it speaks of historic events. Many of the accounts recorded are eyewitness accounts of what actually happened. The Holy Spirit superintended all accounts so that they were recorded without error and yet conveyed God’s message to the world.
Authority of the Bible
By the authority of the Bible it is meant that the Bible, as the expression of God’s will to man, possesses the right supremely to define what we are to believe and how we are to conduct ourselves. There is a pattern to this authority, though. The written Word of God, correctly interpreted, is the objective basis of authority. It has the power of truth for everyone. The Holy Spirit is needed in His illuminating and persuading work to provide the subjective basis of authority. This provides the power of conviction unto action.
How was the Bible determined to be from God? Canonicity
People who believed in God’s revelation to man found in the Bible used the community of believers to establish accountably what was from God. There was never any private decision in deciding what was the canon of Scripture.
What criteria were used?
The criterion used in acknowledging the Old Testament books include several things. There was a criterion of authorship– the Pentateuch was accepted because it was from God’s servant Moses. Another criterion was if the book indicated Divine authorship. Did it reflect God speaking through a mediator? Another criterion was if the book was historically accurate. A final criterion was how the book was received by the Jews.
The church recognized which books were canonical as a result of persecution and heresy. They applied four tests. The first was if the author was an apostle or was connected with an apostle. The second was if the book was accepted by the church at large. In other words, the book had been recognized as important over a wide geographical area. This actually delayed the recognition of some legitimate books. The third was if the book consistently reflected orthodox doctrine. The fourth was if the book had the quality of inspiration. It reflected itself as a work of the Holy Spirit.
The books of the Bible were inspired and authoritative the moment they were written. There was a human recognition of this– especially as the people recognized the writer as God’s spokesperson. Finally these books were collected into a canon.
How do we still have the Bible today?
Although none of the original autographs have been found today, a reliable biblical text can be established. The Jews developed rather early strict and somewhat tedious rules for the copying of their manuscripts. A spectacular example of this is the scroll of Isaiah. Prior to the discovery at Qumran the oldest known scroll was A.D. 900. Comparing the scroll found at Qumran and dated at 125 B.C. it was concluded that there was no significant difference between the two scrolls. Also the text of the Old Testament was preserved through translation into the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Aramaic Targums.
The New Testament texts, of course, were written much more recently. There are, therefore, many more extant manuscripts of these books. Over 5,000 portions of manuscripts are extant today in papyrus, uncials, miniscules, and different version or translation of the Greek texts. Through study of these manuscripts, we can see that the text available today is in substance that of the original autographs. It is evident that God has been preserving His Word through the centuries in order that we might have it today.
Back to certainty: But how can we be certain?
Certainty as used in our scientific world is somewhat different than is normally used. If we demand certainty like we can demand repeatability from scientific experiments, then we will never be certain of much of anything. This can be seen in our postmodern, relativistic world. As finite men we will never have absolute certainty because we aren’t unlimited in our abilities to ascertain. But if we understand what the Bible says about God and start with the presupposition that God created this world so that we can know and love Him, then as we look at the world and especially at God’s revelation in the Bible we can be assured of what we believe to be true. We can also see that God provides a variety of types of revelation within the Bible in order to establish the pattern of what He is doing.
Can we understand the Bible?
If we start with the presupposition that God wants us to know Him, then the most normal interpretation of the Bible should be our standard for interpreting it. Literal interpretation has been described as plain, normal interpretation of the Scriptures. It has been called grammatical-historical interpretation. Literal interpretation is defined as interpretation which gives to every word the same meaning it would have in normal usage. It is first of all grammatical. It involves the meanings of words and the relationship of those words to others (grammar and syntax). Literal interpretation also involves interpreting passages contextually in their literary, historical, and theological contexts.
The idea of progressive revelation is important in understanding the message of the whole Bible. The idea is that God has not revealed Himself all at once or in all aspects to man. Instead, He has given revelation parts at a time to different people in different situations in history. The Bible is revelation in progress. Its parts are seen, not as arranged after their development, but as arranging themselves in the course of their development, and growing, in measurable stages, into the perfect form they attain at last. For instance, Paul said, in Acts 17, that in former times God had overlooked Gentile ignorance but now calls everyone to repentance. John 1:17 says, “The Law was given through Moses; but grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ.” Labels: Bibliology, Certainty, ordination, Ordination Prep, Will Hatfield